Which of the following is an example of Earth science technology?

• A. Undersea satellites and sonar for mapping oceanography
• B. Space probes used to collect data
• C. Orbital launch systems are for space access
• D. Space stations are the only data collectors

Answer: (A)

Studying Earth’s oceans uses technology that directly observes and maps Earth systems. Sonar sends sound waves through water to measure depth and map the seafloor, while other undersea instruments collect data on currents, temperature, salinity, and marine life. This combination is a clear example of Earth science technology because it gathers data about Earth’s own processes rather than venturing into space.

Other options describe tools aimed at space exploration—gathering data about planets or launching into orbit. While space-based data can inform Earth science, these technologies are not centered on studying Earth itself in the way sonar and undersea mapping are, so they fit space science more than Earth science.